Deltoid Intramuscular Injection and Obesity Essay

Deltoid Intramuscular Injection and Obesity Presentation  â â â â â â â â â â According the World Health Organizations and Centers for Disease Control and counteraction in United States, around one â€third of grown-ups are viewed as hefty. This has raised the no of intramuscular infusions with surmised pace of 16 billion every year. Regardless of complex aptitudes in overseeing, IM infusions into deltoid muscle for managing the antibody is best thought of. IM infusions is infusion in which the needle punctures the muscle at any rate by 5mm, Zayback (2007).This has raised an incredible worry to the wellbeing division whether the standard needle of 25-38 mm utilized, can store the drug to the muscle of hefty person. Throughout the previous six years, this has pushed scientists to address the issue of IM needle length in weight. Further, the exploration based its discoveries arrived at resolution 1.5 inches needle is the best rather than 1-inch needle. Further, it was found that there is no regularly acknowledged strategy if I M infusion for an individual with high BMI (Plotkin, 2008). Suggestion on authority and the board  â â â â â â â â â â The methodology for directing the antibody by utilization of IM infusions in large people has not been a simple go to the authority and the executives of medicinal services in United States. With expanded number of patients, the instances of inadequacy of immunization causing a reaction(reactogenicity),wrong antibody infusion procedures and erroneous needle length utilized for IM infusion in corpulent people has been of significant concern. As per World Health Organization, the worries have been related to patient’s distresses and expanded instances of dangers. It is in this manner basic to the authority of clinical careful medical caretakers locate a proper answer for the above raised concerns.  â â â â â â â â â â Also as indicated by WHO (2009), organization of IM infusion has for since quite a while ago been a mind boggling challenge .Perhaps it has been discovered that the attendants when giving IM infusions, use methods that are minimal progressively ceremonial technique however dependent on convention ,which is passed starting with one medical caretaker then onto the next, age to another. It is in extraordinary concern it has been routed to the administration and the authority .This is on the grounds that the abilities not just requires mastery in controlling needle and syringe, yet additionally information in choosing the proper needle, syringe type and fitting area of the infusion ( Coco man and Murray 2008).  â â â â â â â â â â Following this, ideal response from the board and authority of medicinal services in U.S is of extraordinary embodiment. This is on the grounds that off-base IM infusion strategy and off base needle length can result to difficulties such, as are muscle fibrosis, sore, gangrene, nerve injury and contracture. On the opposite side, perilous infusion method may bring about a significant number of diseases, for example, HIV (6-8) and hepatitis B and C. As indicated by Cocoman and Murray (2008), Detroid IM infusion has come about to changeless handicap and now and again to legitimate activities because of unseemly infusion strategies. In extra, this has issues to medicinal services the executives in giving appropriate information to its attendants in spite of proceeded with iatrogenic entanglements. Ramifications of issues for nursing practice  â â â â â â â â â â Based from the inquiries, concerns, measurements and issues raised, there has been expanded attention to the nurses’ and other human services experts do the suitable methods of intramuscular infusions, fitting immunization and recognizable proof of proper needle length for infusion in fat patients.  â â â â â â â â â â Following the impacts of infusing antibody into the subcutaneous tissue, complexities, for example, granulomas and abscesses, infusing the immunization into the deltoid muscle was more suggested .Further (Walters and Furyk, 2010) portrays that albeit Obese patients despite everything get the infusions into subcutaneous tissue there are more mischief. This is on the grounds that there is more slow pace of assimilation and drug effectiveness can be undermined, coming about to immunization disappointment.  â â â â â â â â â â In deciding the right needle length, for as far back as six years the exploration dependent on issues of intramuscular needle â€length in stoutness started. An exploration by Zaybak and associates (2007) was directed to quantify SCT in ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal locales to decide the ideal infusions. In deciding the ideal infusion for IM infusions, Weight was the key factor to the examination whereby the BMI for amazingly corpulent was more prominent than 35, for hefty 30-30.5 and for overweight the BIM ran 25 - 29.9 in grown-ups. Following the examination, 16mm long needle in youths under 60kg is suggested. It is worthy for those grown-ups gauging 60-70 kg when utilizing straightened strategy or bundle. Nonetheless, it was concurred 1.5 inches needle to use as standard in Detroid IM infusion of immunization in corpulent patients. To the topic of normal technique for Detroid IM infusion, it was found that there is no usually acknowledged strat egy for IM infusion for an individual with high BMI. Fortifying of nursing practice  â â â â â â â â â â From above audit, there are numerous errors in the act of IM organization. There is on the grounds that there is no standard technique for detroid IM infusion and needle length as. This has additionally made holes in nursing instruction just as the nursing practice (Cook, 2006).There is in this manner need to apply the above at present proof â€based research rule to fit the training and the nursing training in United states. References Cook, I.F., Williamson, M., and Pond, D. (2006).Definition of needle length required for intramuscular deltoid infusion in elderlyadults: A ultrasonographic study.Voccine, 24(7), 937-940. Cocoman, An., and Murray, J. (2008). Intramuscularinjections: A survey of bestpractice for mental liealtii nurses.Journalof Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing,/5(5), 424-434. Zaybak.A., Gà ¼nes,Y.,Tamsel, S., Khorshid, L, &Eser, I. (2007). Does stoutness forestall theneedle from arriving at muscle in intramuscular infusions? diary ofAdvanced Nursing, 58(6), 552-556 Plotkin, S., Orenstein, W, and Offit, P (2008).Vaccines (5* ed.). Philadelphia: SaundersElsevier. Source report

Cultural Event Paper Essay

This paper is to talk about my experience out traveling to Orlando, what I saw and what esteem those experience had for me as a statement of 21st century culture in this nation. A few associations found between the occasion and various subjects we have been investigating on this course will likewise be talked about. Social Event As an extraordinary fanatic of visual crafts of any sorts with unique enthusiasm for form and allegorical craftsmanship painting, I visited a spot called â€Å"Holy Land Experience† in Orlando, Florida as a result of what I’ve found out about the spot, how they grandstand old Jewish building plans, antiquated history of Jerusalem and key scriptural accounts. It was intended to be a get-away excursion with the goal of giving the family a treat; anyway the visit to this Christian amusement park wound up being instructive for me more than it was a rush for the family. Lovely structures enlivening old Jewish engineering plans, what with all the laborers wearing conventional Jewish clothing even men wearing outfits and covering their heads with scarves precisely as portrayed in a portion of the books read in the past on Jewish societies. With their long facial hair, those men made the spot looks practically like a current book of scriptures story land and getting to the Jerusalem road showcase, we had a chance to make a trip back so as to an antiquated land that is 2000 years of age and a huge number of miles from United States. Energy dramatizations and live strict shows accentuates the rich Jewish antiquated culture of Passover, that is the eight-day celebration celebrated in the late-winter from the fifteenth to the 22nd day in the Hebrew month of Nissan. This celebration is to commend the redemption of Jewish individuals from Egypt after numerous long periods of servitude. Neighborhood nourishments from customary Seder top choices like brisket and matzoh ball soup to genuine for-Passover, yeast-less treats and brownies were completely shown during the live shows, to again make guests experience about as genuine as could reasonably be expected. They likewise have a scriptorium exhibition hall; place for Christian Antiquities where some destroyed authentic things are saved for show. Among these ancient pieces found in this scriptorium historical center are portions of the remaining parts of Noah’s ark. It is only an impersonation of the genuine yet developed in such a manner to make it look as genuine as it very well may be. In spite of we are in the 21st century, a great many people in this nation despite everything interface or relate with one strict worth or the other. So as a Christian, who has never been to Israel to see firsthand these recorded destinations, the craftsmanship impressions at â€Å"Holy Land Experience† reenact scriptural accounts. A portion of the accounts like the birth, torturous killing and revival of Jesus Christ who is the establishing figure of Christian confidence and different narratives that encompass him as related in the book of scriptures and different literary works I’ve read in the past are all the more genuine subsequent to visiting this site. I find that since I have visited the â€Å"Holy Land Experience† my association with Christian confidence has been more grounded than at any other time and now the picture of those verifiable locales visited waits in my memory. We currently additionally take communion at home all the time in recognition of how Jesus Christ fellowshipped which represents his body and offer the wine which represents his blood with his supporters before his execution. End Relating this involvement in thoughts and subjects we’ve been discussing on this course, I can presume that however Christianity has advanced from multiple points of view, there are still a great deal of likenesses in the Christian social examples and customs when contrasted and the good 'ol days.

How Does Going to Jail Affect Your Credit

How Does Going to Jail Affect Your Credit How Does Going to Prison Affect Your Credit? How Does Going to Prison Affect Your Credit?Getting sent to prison will make it very hard to repay any money that you owe, and thats going to hurt your credit score.There are a lot of people in prison in America. In fact, our country has a higher prison population and higher incarceration rates than anywhere else in the world. And while there’s clearly a lot of work that needs to be done to bring down incarceration rates, a lot of that is a bit outside our wheelhouse. We’re more focused on helping your personal financial situation right now.Thats why we’re here to answer a question you may, unfortunately, have wondered about: How will going to jail affect your credit score?How do credit scores work, again?First, let’s just go over what a credit score is and how it works.Your credit score is a three-digit number produced from information on your credit report. You actually have three credit reports, each from one of the three major credit bureaus, Equifax, Experian, and TransU nion. Your score will differ depending on which credit report is used to create it.The bureaus take information about your lending and credit use and create a three digit number that summarizes your reliability as a borrower. Potential lenders then use that score to determine how likely you are to pay back your loans on time.Lenders and other creditors determine whether they will lend to you and at what rates based off this number. If the number is at 800 or above, you’ll get the (relatively) royal treatment, but if it’s below 700, you might start running into trouble. And if its below 630, then watch out.In general, the most reliable way to get your credit score up is by using a credit card responsibly. That means using it regularly, but keeping it under one-third of your total credit limit and making sure to pay your bill in full every month. If you only pay the minimum each month, the interest will keep accumulating, and that debt will weigh down your credit score.But all of this is day-to-day information for life on the outside. How will your credit be impacted by time behind bars?Prison means no income to pay your debtsWhile a conviction and jail time may not directly destroy your credit score, all of the secondary effects are going to be an enormous weight.“Criminal convictions and sentences are not automatically reported on a credit report (only a police report will include such information),” advised attorney Paul Mitassov. “Therefore, most credit score effects are indirect.”Prison is also unsurprisingly bad for your job prospects in all sorts of ways, as Mitassov explained: “Being in jail will usually stop a person from being able to work and earn money. This will limit their ability to pay their existing obligations, which will be reflected poorly on a credit report. A criminal record will affect a person’s ability to find a job. Jail time will usually cause them to lose their previous job. Lacking a job (and the income it brings) wil l hurt your credit.”Your assets can get seized as well.  And it gets worse.“Some or all of a person’s resources (money, vehicles, tools, etc) may be seized on arrest,” Mitassov warned. “These may not be returned for some time (or at all). The lack of such assets can prevent one from paying. Most accused will try to hire a lawyer as soon as possible. Criminal lawyers usually request large up-front retainers. This (presumably) unexpected expenditure can prevent a person from paying their other bills.”Even keeping up with your regular payments could become impossible, as Mitassov told us: “Not all prisons have facilities for easy bill paying (i.e. easily accessible phones or computer terminals). Even if an inmate has the funds, he may find it difficult to arrange regular payments.”So now that you’ve been warned, you know what to prepare for should you ever find yourself incarcerated.But what comes after?How to build your credit post-prison.So prison is going to be har d on your credit (let alone every other aspect of your life) but how can you bring your score back up otherwise? Its a lot like what you’d do otherwise but with a much higher level of difficulty.“Pay off your outstanding obligations, or get them discharged via bankruptcy (bankruptcy is terrible for your credit rating, but at least it stems the bleeding),” suggested Mitassov concerning post-prison release to get your credit score back up. “Get a job. You need an income, to pay your obligations. Make sure to assume only manageable obligations, and make sure to pay on time. (i.e. to build up a good payment history).”If there were debts you weren’t able to pay because of your incarceration, you can try getting in touch with the creditors and finding out if you can negotiate some sort of agreement.In general, creditors would rather get some money than no money, and if you can get some of your debts settled or partially forgiven, you’ll already be on your way to better credi t. If you can’t qualify for a traditional credit card after release, you can get a secured credit card, which requires you to put down some cash as collateral but can be a good way to build up your credit. Unlike no credit check loans, like payday loans or cash advances, most secured credit cards will report your payment activity to the bureaus.It’s hard enough to maintain your credit score without going to jail, but with some dedication and a willingness to ask for help when you need it, you can put yourself on the path to credit redemption.To learn more about credit scores, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:A Brief History of Credit ScoresHow are Soft Credit Checks Different From Hard Checks?5 Surprising Ways You Can Hurt Your Credit ScoreWhat other questions do you have about credit scores? We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedINContribut orsPaul Mitassov  graduated from the University of Toronto Faculty of Law in 2013. He also holds a Bachelors Degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Toronto. After working at a downtown law firm, he started his own practice in North York. As an engineer, Paul takes an analytical approach to every case, and has obtained results in various areas of law including civil litigation (including small claims), family law, wills and estates, corporate law, and criminal matters.  Paul’s dedication to perfection and transparency with his clients are the number one reason why most of our client’s come from prior client referrals. Paul speaks fluently in both Russian and English, and is a fully-licensed lawyer with the Law Society of Ontario.

The History of Color Television

The earliest mention of color television was in a 1904 German patent for  a color television system. In 1925, Russian inventor Vladimir K.  Zworykin  also filed a patent disclosure for an all-electronic color television system. While both of these designs were not successful, they were the first documented proposals for color television. Sometime between 1946 and 1950, the research staff of RCA Laboratories invented  the worlds first electronic,  color television system.  A successful color television system based on a system designed by RCA began commercial broadcasting on December 17, 1953. RCA vs. CBS But before RCAs success, CBS researchers led by Peter Goldmark had invented a mechanical color television system based on 1928 designs of  John Logie Baird. The FCC authorized CBSs color television technology as the national standard in October of 1950.  However, the system at the time was bulky, the picture quality was terrible, and the technology was not compatible with earlier black-and-white sets. CBS  began  color broadcasting on five east coast stations in June of 1951. However, RCA responded by suing to stop the public broadcasting of CBS-based systems. Making matters worse for CBS was the fact that there were already 10.5 million black-and-white televisions (half RCA sets) that had been sold to the public and very few color sets. Color television production was also halted during the Korean War. With the many challenges, the CBS system failed. Those factors provided RCA with the time to design a better color television, which they based on Alfred Schroeders 1947 patent application for a technology called shadow mask CRT. Their system passed FCC approval in late 1953, and sales of RCA color televisions began in 1954. A Brief Timeline of Color Television Early color telecasts could be preserved only on the black-and-white  kinescope  process introduced in 1947.In 1956, NBC began using color film to time-delay and preserve some of its live color telecasts.  A company named Ampex  made a color videotape recorder in 1958, and  NBC used it to tape  An Evening With Fred Astaire,  the oldest surviving network color videotape.In 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower visited the NBC station in Washington, D.C. and gave a speech discussing the new technologys merits. His speech was recorded in color, and a copy of this videotape was given to the Library of Congress.NBC  made the first coast-to-coast color broadcast when it telecast the  Tournament of Roses Parade  on January 1, 1954.The  premiere of Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color in  September  1961 created a turning point that persuaded consumers to go out and purchase color televisions.  Television broadcasting  stations and networks in most parts of the world upgraded from black-and-white TVs to color transmission in the 1960s and 1970s.By 1979, even the last of these had converted to color,  and by the early 1980s, black-and-white sets were mostly small portable sets  or those used as video monitor screens in lower-cost consumer equipment. By the late 1980s, even these areas switched to color sets.

Classification Of Poisons And Its Effects On The Nervous...

AMITY INSTITUTE OF FORENSIC SCIENCES AMITY UNIVERSITY UTTAR PRADESH Name: - Sanchari Dasgupta Enrolment No.: - A5905914014 Programme: - B.Sc (Hons) Forensic science Batch: - 2014-17 Title of summer assignment: - Classification of poisons Goal for the first week: - Introduction of the topic Goal for the second week: - Write in brief about corrosive poisons and non-metallic irritant poison Goal for the third week: - Write in brief about metallic irritant poisons Goal for the fourth week: - Write about poisons having vegetable and animal origin Goal for the fifth week: - Write about poisons acting on the nervous system FIRST WEEK’S WORK POISONS INTRODUCTION Poisons are substances those are most likely to cause harm to a person. It can also be defined as a substance which has the potent of causing illness or death of a living organism when introduced to the body or absorbed. It has a tendency to cause physical or chemical mutations in the body which may be curable or incurable depending on the type of poison used. It causes harm by physical or chemical changes in the human body. Poisons with high level of toxicity may be dangerous on consuming once and can also be life threatening. Few poisons which are less toxic are often used as slow poisons. Absolutely anything could be a poison, because everything is good but nothing in excess is. Poisons are those substancesShow MoreRelatedGratitude And Gratitude1708 Words   |  7 Pageshealth benefits to the person producing it. Increased laughter increases heart rate, oxygen consumption and respiratory rate which lead to muscle relaxation. It also reduces glucose levels and increases pain tole rance in children. There are many classifications of laughter which include voiced, unvoiced chuckle, breathy nasal, etc. classified by different scientists depending on functions which relate to each. 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Leadership, Organization And Administration - 1529 Words

EADM 611: LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATION ADMINISTRATION ASSIGNMENT 8 Endia L. Hatcher Regent University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how school leaders, who promote a vision that all students will learn using IDEA and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), ensure that the needs of children with disabilities are met while improving educational outcomes. As with economics as John F. Kennedy coined, â€Å"A rising tide lifts all†, therefore improving the instructional policies and practices in the special education classroom ensures the benefit of all students. Today, schools must provide students with disabilities appropriate access to the general curriculum and effective instructional support. Student progress must be monitored closely and demonstrated through participation in assessment efforts. The school leader’s role is pivotal in this process. 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Research successful traditional and online retailers and address the following issues: Discuss the organizationalRead MoreSummary of in the Shadow of the Organization by Robert Denhardt1575 Words   |  7 PagesDenhardt’s book: In the Shadow of Organization The book focuses on the impact of individuals within organizations and how organizational efficiency or rationality is getting deep into our individuality. The author states that the modern organizations and the way their administration work are the results of heavily borrowed principles of rationality and objectivity from the sciences. It has resulted in a one-sided focus of placing the rational goals of the organization above, and often in place of,

Baroque vs. Modern Pop free essay sample

January 2013 Baroque Vs. Modern Pop The Western music known today has its roots in the musical practices found in Europe and the Middle East over twenty centuries ago. These musical practices, in turn, have their roots in ancient Greek and Roman practices which are detailed in musical and philosophical treatises of the time. Greek civilization, with its political structures, its architectural and musical attainments, and its great achievements in philosophy and poetry, has influenced European culture and in turn American culture (Hansen, 2012). I have taken two excerpts of music, Marin Marais (1656-1728) Pieces a Une Viole du Premier Livre (1686) and a Pop group name R. E. M and there last concert at the BBC. I have chosen R. E. M because their music is based off of the Baroque era with a modern day flare. After listen to both pieces, I was touched by the Baroque era music. I enjoyed both concerts, but I think I enjoyed the Pop concert more than the Baroque concert. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque vs. Modern Pop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Pop concert of course had more rhythm and the difference in instruments made a difference to me. The drums where the biggest difference, had my foot tapping and my head bobbing, and the Baroque concert had me in a state of relaxation and peace of mind. The music differs from one another through the type of instruments used. The Baroque music used piano and chello unlike the modern day music using acoustic instruments and percussions. They even used electric guitars. I think the biggest difference was the singing; I stated previously that the drums were the biggest difference but the singing was definitely the biggest difference. The Baroque had no singing in the entire concert. The music was similar in the instruments told a story even though the Baroque music did not have words it still told a story, you could almost imagine or maybe even visualize the story being told and at your own words to the music. The Pop music of course had words but even then if you remove the words from the music it had the same effect as the Baroque music. The roles of concerts in the Baroque era I think played a role in society that we lack today. Back then in those times people went to concerts to escape the everyday life and learn something new, it was like a story being told or news being passed. Musicians were highly revered not role models like the musicians of today. Pop concerts today we attend as a form of entertainment, we go to see our favorite band or singer. We don’t attend for the appreciation of music like they did in the Baroque days. Today we have a different kind of appreciation of music, it’s whoever is hot at the time, whatever song is the big hit at the moment. There are certain types of people that attend these types of concerts. The Baroque attendees, I would say a more intellectual type a person that loves the art of music, a person that really appreciate music. The Pop attendees, I would say are more care free and just want to have fun and not have to worry about anything but, having fun, a person that just wants to feel good and carefree for a moment. Our experiences with music are influenced by many factors. The biggest factor is the internet. We have access to things that we didn’t have back in the days before the internet. We can easily move music around and get the sound out to the masses. In the Baroque era it may have taken a year for one composer to get his music heard by the masses. In conclusion, the Baroque era and the Pop era are so different but yet so similar, I guess it would come down to ones own opinion of each type of music. I would think that any music lover would appreciate both eras of music. Works Cited Bethanie Hansen, Cathy Silverman, and David Whitehouse, Music Appreciation, 2012. Website (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=poCRFiaoCLA) Website (http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=uaYVa1r0nlA)

Information for Soap Notes free essay sample

Associate Level Material Case Study Information for SOAP Notes Read the following three patient visits. Rewrite the information using correct medical terminology. The visits below are written in layman’s terms and do not use the correct medical terminology. Re-write the information in medical terms for the charts. You must determine where the information is to be placed in the SOAP note. Patient One – Chapter Six 22-year-old African American female 140/60 BP 99 F Pulse is 38 Breathing is 22 per minute Patient states she is not on any medicine at the time Patient states her reason for the visit is she is having severe back pain for 5 days now Past has been told she has sickle cell anemia Physician tells patient they are going to draw blood and give her IV with fluids. Physician states the IV will contain something for the pain Blood work showed white blood cells 4300, hemoglobin 13. 1 g/dL, hematocrit 39. 9%, platelets 162,000, segs 65. We will write a custom essay sample on Information for Soap Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 9, lymphs 27, monos 3. 4 Physician observes patient is alert Physician finds that head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat are okay Physician determines the patient is having a sickle cell crisis Physician finds that the patient has numbness in hands and feet Patient states she just has not been feeling well lately She reports â€Å"I do not test my levels daily with that machine it hurts so I just base my levels on how well I feel† Physician observes that the patient has some discoloration of her skin Physician sees that the head, eyes, ears, nose and throat are okay Physician hears that the heart sounds good, nothing sounds off Physician wants patient to come to the office in 1 month Physician tells patient to start using the machine to test her blood and record the results and bring with her to next visit

How to Pick Essay Topics

How to Pick Essay Topics Read how to choose essay topics that will best match your assignment and interests. How to Pick Proper Essay Topics for College Ok, so you’ve been given an essay writing assignment and were given the freedom of picking the essay topic on your own. At first, the idea of being able to choose any topic you want seemed attractive, but then you got lost in the options, right? This is a common situation. As a rule, it’s happening due to the fact that topic selection process gives you so many options that you can easily get lost in them without a proper approach. This article, therefore, will provide a basic breakdown of a topic selection process. It will not review cases when you have been already given a topic  but will focus solely on situations when you need to pick one. It would be logical to assume that you already know what subject is the essay needs to be written in – if you receive an essay writing assignment in your Literature class, your essay will focus on Literature; a Philosophy class, in turn, will require a paper about some philosopher and so on. Step One: Determine Your Essay Type Before starting to write or even selecting an essay topic, you need to consider what kind of paper you want to have at the end of the writing process. Speaking of essays, there is a whole range of essay subtypes, e.g. argumentative, persuasive, informal etc. Each of the essay subtypes requires a special approach. This article is about various essay types, you might want to check it out while preparing for essay writing: Essay Types Different types of essays may impose different requirements on the essay writing process as well as essay topics selection. For example, an argumentative essay will require that you select a rather controversial topic; otherwise, the reader will find the essay not so interesting to read. A comparative essay, in turn, requires that your essay topics introduce  two items that are going to be compared: pieces of literature, art, schools of thought etc. We have put together a short list of best  argumentative essay topics and compare and contrast essay topics, hope you find some of them useful. Step Two: Brainstorm You won’t go far in writing your essay without actually brainstorming for essay ideas that can be written about. Brainstorming for the possible essay topics can be turned into a quite simple and straightforward process. Before beginning to search for essay ideas, ask yourself a few simple questions within a chosen subject: Within the given subject, what aspects do I like most? (e.g. While selecting topics for a Philosophy paper I feel most attracted to Hegel’s school of thought). Why do you find this topic interesting? (e.g. Because I consider the four concepts of Hegelian Dialectics one of the greatest ideas in Philosophy) Do you have access to literature on the chosen essay topics? (e.g. There’s plenty of information on Hegel’s Dialectics at our local library; there is even more available online). Step Three: What Is Interesting for You? The bottom line is – when selecting a topic for your essay think about those topics that are of most interest to you. This approach ensures that you will have chosen essay topics that inspire you and give you the energy and enthusiasm to work on your paper and complete it successfully. Another point to consider is the availability of information on the topic – if the information is readily available, writing a quality essay would be piece of cake; if it’s not – you might want to look for a different topic. Interesting essay topics require conducting research, analyzing and summarizing the information got during the research. We hope you find these tips for writing topics useful. If, however, you are still struggling to pick an essay topic to write on, our writing professionals are ready to assist you  in accomplishing this task. One of the convenient options we offer our customers is a  free live support. Our support agents will help you in selecting the essay topics. If needed, they can ask our professional writers to come up with essay topics list. You will then have to simply pick one of the offered topics, place your order and wait until the paper is delivered to you. Please feel free to contact our support team at support@ anytime or visit our order page to place your order.

Bribery cross Cultures Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bribery cross Cultures - Research Paper Example However, the same is not true for all cultures. In countries such as China, Russia, Mexico, India and others bribes are a part of everyday business, on the other hand, countries such as â€Å"Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, Switzerland, and others rank the lowest in this list† (Supraner, 2010). Furthermore, the probability of occurrence of bribery related incidents is most likely in sector such as real estate, property development, oil and gas, construction, manufacturing, mining and public sector contracts. Furthermore, it appears that countries with particularistic cultures, which believe more in flexibility and adaption of rules according to situation, are more likely to accept and rationalize bribers. However, countries with universalistic cultures, which believe that rules and regulations should remain the same for all and under all circumstances, are more likely to resist bribes and see it as unethical (Supraner, 2010). Since the perceptions about bribery differ with cultu res it presents a great ethical challenge for companies to work in different cultures with satisfying their clients and preserving their ethical principles at the same time. Nevertheless, a prevailing culture of bribery in any country does not provide a rationalization of engaging in the practice (Supraner, 2010). Article # 2 - Shell Bribes Among Culture of Corruption,' Panalpina Admits During the fall of 2010, â€Å"Shell and five other companies paid 236.5 million US dollars to the United States Department of Justice and Securities and Exchange Commission due to the charges of corruption† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). Company officials agreed in front of the jury that during the period of 2002-2007, they paid thousands of dollars in bribes in â€Å"Angola, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Russia, and Turkmenistan† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). These bribes were paid to avoid custom processes, quick processing, and brining counter band drugs and arms in these coun tries. Surprisingly, the top management of the company and majority of the employees were involved in these practices. Furthermore, these bribes were not a matter of one or two events but bribes were being paid to highest government officials as â€Å"gifts† so that they would preference to the clients and documents of Shell and Panalpina. Working in these countries for so many years, Panalpina had created 160 terms of bribes such as evacuations†, â€Å"export formalities†, sunshine† and â€Å"black cash† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). Despite the fact that these companies, which also include â€Å"Pride International, Transocean, Tidewater, Noble and GlobalSantaFe† (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010), accepted their wrong doings but they also admitted that in the absence of these bribes, doing business in those countries becomes impossible. In short, the article stresses on the point that there are countries where bribe is a norm and even worse, a need. In the absence of the same, officials would deliberately try to put barriers in your way of business to force you to pay bribes. They would create an environment to trouble or woo away the customers thus leaving the company with no choice except for paying the money to those people, in order to ensure its survival (Voreacos & Calkins, 2010). Article # 3 – Corruption across Borders As the world economy and business markets are becoming global,

Portfolio Management Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Portfolio Management - Statistics Project Example The stock returns values experience wide variance due to the fluctuation in portfolio weights across the period. From the set of 28 stocks, the time series was filtered on the criteria of performance to retain the 11 stocks shown in the time series as the most efficient portfolio. The process of refining the investment involved ignoring the portfolio with low weights and retaining the high weight portfolio. The selection aimed at picking 3 stocks with the best returns to represent the high efficiency required in the pool decision. The high efficiency stocks were found to be IBM and MMM. The decision was made on the values based on the original currency returns. The time series for the refined investment pool carries the following stock: The major reason for reducing the number of stocks in the refined investment is that many assets have caused a wide variation of the portfolio weights and return on investment (Tobin 1958, p. 65). The analysis sets up individual each of the assets independently to as to classify them as either risky assets or risk free assets using the correlation projections. The refinement judges the investment by their return, hence; it operates with the few selected manageable stocks to reduce the portfolio size by ignoring the low return stocks. The tangent portfolio was constructed using the Matlab program. The program uses the data entries from the covariance matrix with the new weights of portfolios. The mean return values and the optimal portfolio variances are shown with the least variance portfolio return averaging approximately 14.6%. After making the entry of the matrix, the exercise is repeated for the reduction of the variance to show the restricted efficient frontier as shown in figure 6 below. The assumption made in the construction of the frontier is that investment can run on negative portfolio weights, even though the current weights are positive. The

Terror Human Rights

Terror Human Rights Has the â€Å"war on terror† enhanced or harmed human rights? In the words of Howard Zinn, historian, playwright, social activist: How can you make a war on terror if war itself is terrorism? The war on or against terrorism continues to wage as we talk about it and attempt to find solutions to the looming danger that threatens our civilization in itself. The war on terror has been used as a weapon by governments around the world to achieve selfish motives, to satisfy egos and secure futures. There is no tangible enemy, and it is unlikely that international terrorism can be brought to an end by means of war. Terrorism continues to be an unknown enemy, without a clear identity and that is why military invasion like the ones repeatedly brought about by United States on already ravaged countries is not a solution. Terrorism is a theatre where the acts of terror attract the attention of the public in a dramatic manner creating a sense of shock, awe and unprecedented grief. However it must be remembered that no war is correct, no war is worth the loss of our morals as human beings. In the present article, the argument that is to be presented is that the so called ‘war on terror has harmed the human rights of many all over the world. The phrase has been used to deprive millions of people of their dignity, assets and life itself. The article attempts to understand the question of how many rights can be given up for security of the nations that claim to have been attacked and have hence waged the war on terror. Terrorism in the modern sense is violence or other harmful acts committed (or threatened) against civilians for political or other ideological goals. Most definitions of terrorism include only those acts which are intended to create fear or ‘terror, are perpetrated for an ideological goal as opposed to a lone attack), and deliberately target or disregard the safety of non combatants. Any form of military action can be termed terrorism. The famous quote that, â€Å"One mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter†, has been the basis of attempts to justify revolutionary movements which have been termed as acts of terror. It was during the French Revolution that the words terrorist and terrorism became popular. The word terrorism began in 1795 during the reign of terror by the revolutionary government during the French Revolution. Terrorist acts were committed in order to gain attention of the world. For example, in the Munich Olympics in 1972, 11 Israelis were killed by the Black September Organisation and even though the eleven killed were the immediate sufferers the true effect was felt by nearly 1 billion people watching the news in the world. Terror has been continuing over the ages in one form or another. What is seen as a crime by some is the act of protection of ones own identity and culture by the other. In this sense, the most recent event that completely stunned the world was the bombing of the two world trade centre towers on September 11, 2001. The world watched with disbelief as United States faced attack on its own soil. What followed and continues is an example of the â€Å"war on terror†, as specified and focused on by George Bush, President, United States of America. The use of the word war here is not only misleading but regressive. According to the US understanding, terrorism includes only the anti state violence acts like September 11, 2001. The question here that can be put forward is then what about state violence, what about the use of excess police force, the use of military/ paramilitary in an indiscriminate manner. The morning of September 11, 2001, was a day that will remain etched in our minds forever as the event killed 2973 innocent people whose human right to life had been curtailed. However the world must remember what followed and continues as you read this is also gross violation of human rights. In an attempt to fight the terror which caused September 11, United States government has been carrying out massacres on innocent civilians in both Afghanistan and Iraq. In attempting to find the enemy, and eradicate it, the US policies and arbitrary use of military force has not only killed many more people but has resulted in some of the worst human rights violations witnessed in human history. The immediate effect of September 11 was the widespread discrimination against Islamic Muslims especially young males. The world has remained a silent spectator to the steps taken by US which has used providing long denied â€Å"freedom† to civilians in Iraq and Afghanistan as an excuse to enter these countries. The reason provided for the invasion has been the emancipation or the upliftment of the people in these two countries. However, instead of upliftment these countries have been ravaged of all resources and are continued to be plundered. Human rights have become a latter issue with people attempting to stay alive amongst continuous bombings and military invasions. The world has been a silent spectator for nearly five years after the falling of the two towers to United States government that has been taking steps, using force to achieve illusioned motives and actions completely opposed to the basis of International Law. The right to fair trial is a basic human right, constructed to protect individuals from restriction or deprivation of basic rights and freedoms such as right to life and l iberty. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights provides for this right in Article 10. Along with this the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) provides for the right to fair trial in Article 14. The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), also includes the right to be free from arbitrary arrest and detention(Article 9), the right to be present at trial(Article 21), the right to be free from torture(Article 7) and the right to appeal(Article 26). The four Geneva Conventions of 1949, which protect civilian populations and those fighting in hostilities, principally during international armed conflicts but also during internal conflicts such as civil wars, contain provisions to ensure a fair trial. However legitimizing of the Patriot Act puts all this in a gaping question. This act is squarely against various rights protected and guaranteed by the Constitution of United States and various international documents such like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Convention against torture and All forms of Racial Discrimination. The Patriot Act allows non- citizens to be detained without charge without a right to fair trial and be held in prison indefinitely if convicted. This Act also allows the government in United States to look into details of the lives of the citizens in the country without prior permission. This includes, monitoring of emails, wiretapping, keeping an eye on property acquisitions, educational as well as financial records. This Act is clearly against the right to privacy and allows the government to arbitrarily interfere. The United States governments acceptance to the Military Commissions Act can be co nsidered a major step towards human rights violation in the ongoing â€Å"war on terror†. Acceptance of such documents which allow the use of uncensored force are opposed to the basic idea of International Law. Under the rubric of the â€Å"war on terror†, the United States government has detained thousands of people in their own territory and around the world. A majority of the detainees are denied access to a fair trial and are held without a charge. There is a clear violation of the basic fundamental right to due process, which is a clear right guaranteed by the US Constitution. Guantanamo Bay and Abu Ghraib tell a story of torture so evil that it shakes the foundation of human rights. There have been revelations of brutality in these prisons in the form of beatings, sexual humiliation and methods of torture which are almost surreal to a normal person. Guantanamo Bay, the famous prison outside territories of United States has given the world pictures of the torture within the â€Å"war on terror†. It has been and continues to be a lawless place. The circumstantial evidence of torture at Guantanamo Bay is cogent and well documented. The most discouraging revelation is the fact that the methods of torture were encouraged and propagated by the Military Commission which provided acceptance to such inhuman treatment. Though the detention at the Guantanamo Bay prison is clearly against the articles of the Geneva Conventions, and particularly Article 75 of the First Protocol Additional to the Geneva Convention of 1977 which states that coercing a prisoner to confess in unlawful, the defence of United States government to the detention remains that the definition of prisoners in Guantanamo Bay includes enemy combatants and not prisoners of war; hence the Geneva Convention does not apply. It is clear that Guantanamo was chosen as a base for torture so as to hold detainees beyond the reach of the United States as well as International Law, which clearly states that the use of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment is prohibited. No matter how one defines the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, the fact underlying the whole scenario remains that sadism and humiliation are at work in every cell in this prison by one of the strongest governments in the world. Guantanamo Bay has become one of the strongest symbols of human rights abuse carried out in a planned manner by the United States government, and five years of such lawlessness and killing is too long a time to go unstopped. President Bush indeed confirmed the fact that there are secret prisons of the CIA in various countries away from the United States soil. The clear indication here is that somehow US wants to take its suspects beyond the reach of their own law and treat them in an inhuman manner. Another important thing to note here is that there are countries all over the world which have allowed United States to create such torture prisons on their own soil. Not only the United States but many countries in the world are losing sight of the basic human right to life, dignity and respect in the ongoing â€Å"war on terror†. United States Government also has policies under which individuals are transported to other countries for the purpose of interrogation. Among these countries are countries with records of torture. This policy is known as the policy of â€Å"extraordinary rendition† of detainees for the purpose of gathering information using forms of torture. â€Å"Extraordinary Rendition† is the illegal practice of abducting foreign nationals for detention and interrogation in secret overseas prisons. Recent accounts of rendition have a chilling pattern- black clad masked men grab foreign nationals, strip them, beat them and take them to the so called â€Å"black site† prisons, where these people are subjected to unspeakable horrors including no sleep, water boarding, beatings, isolation and mental torture. This often leads to false confessions. After the September 11 attacks, extraordinary renditions clearly involve kidnapping of persons the United States suspects to be a part o f the Al Qaeda network and transporting them to countries where torture is used to derive information on how to bring the â€Å"war on terror† to a successful end. On 18th December 2001, CIA operatives kidnapped two Egyptians, Ahmed Agiza and Muhammed al-Zery, who had sought asylum in Sweden. They were seized and conveyed by a US government-leased private jet to Egypt where both were subjected to, amongst other things, the use of electrodes to sensitive parts of the body. It transpired that the Swedish government cooperated after being assured that the exiles would not be tortured. Seymour Hersh in his book Chain of Command: the road from 9/11 to Abu Ghraib has revealed that the CIA confessed to Congress that before 2001 it there were about 70 extraordinary renditions, which were assigned the status of being absolutely urgent. However since 9/11 the Bush Government has refused to even discuss the forced return of such prisoners. The worldwide flow of prisoners in relation to the â€Å"war on terror† continues to grow and prisoners have been kidnapped and tortured not only from the war zones but also from contries like Sudan, Croatia, Albania, Malaysia and Pakistan. If the prisons of Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay represent what democracy means to countries like Iraq then the whole credibility of American leadership is under question. Across the country and the world racial discrimination has been faced by many, particularly the Muslims. Across United States, after the attacks on 9/11 individuals of Middle Eastern descent and racial minorities became targets of vicious racial discrimination. Thousands of Islamic men were taken into custody without a right to fair trial. Deportation of thousands of people belonging to religious minorities has taken place without any access to judiciary. Persons suspected of any connection with terrorist organizations have been detained without any notification to families for unspecified amount of time. The question that arises here is that is President Bush truly above the law, as he is authorizing torture on these thousands of detained individuals on the basis of suspicion, denying them the basic human rights. A sign of the fact that Bush considers himself above the International Law is the instance on December 5th 2007, when the US Supreme Court heard administration lawyers defe nd the indefensible: that the President can ignore the writ of Habeaus Corpus and hold people indefinitely, without charge and without question. The hearing challenges the judicial system of United States, and attempts to say that fear not freedom is guiding the judiciary in the US. This in itself questions the basic values of truth, justice and liberty which are the cornerstones of a just society. Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights clearly states that, â€Å"Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.† This read along with Article 9(1) of the ICCPR provides everyone with a basic guarantee of protection of the right against arbitrary arrest and detention, a clause that United States government has been flouting for years now. International standards clearly talk about not only the grounds of arrest not being arbitrary but also specify that the arrest should be on definite grounds and procedures established by law. There is a clear fallacy concerning liberty and security. Today we face a trade off between national security which is pitted against civil liberties and human rights. The most important question as posed by David Luban in his article on eight fallacies about liberty and security is â€Å"How many of your ‘own rights are you willing to sacrifice for added security?† However this trade off seems rather dishear tening as there is no definite way off knowing how much added security is a person to gain at the loss of liberties. The future of human rights as minute increments for security looks bleak as there is a growing belief that basic rights of citizens ought to be abandoned or at least suspended in order to deal with the growing threat of terrorism. This means that if two or more people endanger property in any manner they can be termed a ‘terrorist organization by the Secretary of the State, individuals may be put behind bars for thinking of pro Islamic virtues, or teachers is school would be stripped of their headscarves as this a threat to security but not a threat to their religious way of life. In the words of Amnesty International, attacks by armed groups reached new levels of brutality and intensity in 2005 but insisted that the perpetrators should be brought to justice through fair trial, not torture or secret detention. The â€Å"war on terror† was failing, the report claimed, and would continue to fail â€Å"unless human rights and human security are given precedence over narrow security interests.† Civil liberties as we have known them are under severe attack now. One belief that threatens them is that the so called â€Å"clash of civilizations† has threatened the integrity of a nation to such an extent that exceptional and unprecedented actions are required to deal with the problem and this includes putting civil liberties at stake for national security. In todays world there are examples that governments world over cannot even provide the rudiments of human security in war torn areas like Sudan and Darfur to people facing hardships at the indigenous levels and to the one billion people who survive with less than one dollar a day. If security of life cannot be provided at such basic levels, even a discussion to gain security in return of liberties being suppressed seems like a lost cause. The question that can be asked is â€Å"Has the era of human rights come and gone?†, the answer to which may be that the era hasnt gone but human rights are challenged in order to respond to the concerns over human security in the world today. Maybe the restrictions on liberty are justified but only to the extent of preserving liberty itself and not for attaining order or security, which is what the world powers seem to be doing in the ongoing war on terror, with illegal deportations, use of torture and invading all boundaries of privacy of citizens; acts that are opposed to the basic beliefs of liberty and security to human beings. Is it correct to assume guilt, to frame people on beliefs of suspicion and to torture them indefinitely? In the case of Rasul v Bush, the US courts held that the detainees in Guantanamo Bay have a right to be heard. Everyone has a right to fair trial, a right to live with dignity and respect, with protection of privacy and related aspects of human rights. Addressing a Counter Terrorism Committee, the late High Commissioner for Human Rights Sergio Vieira de Mello said that: â€Å"[Such] measures must be taken in transparency, they must be of short duration and must respect the fundamental non- derogable rights embodied in our human rights norms. They must take place within the framework of the law. Without that, the terrorists will ultimately win and we will ultimately lose- as we would have allowed them to destroy the very foundation of our modern human civilization.† In conclusion as stated by the 9/11 Commission Report (2004:395), it can be said that: â€Å"We must find ways of reconciling security with liberty, since the success of one helps the other. The choice between security and liberty is a false choice†¦ our history has shown us that insecurity threatens liberty. Yet if liberties are curtailed, we lose the values that we are struggling to defend.†

Political Corruption in the United States Essay example -- ethics, mor

â€Å"Corruption, improper and usually unlawful conduct intended to secure a benefit for oneself or another its forms include bribery, extortion, and the misuse of inside information. It exists where there is community indifference or a lack of enforcement policies.†(Encyclopedia Britannica). Today political Corruption in all forms exists in every country in the world. In some countries it is more prominent then in others, but no matter where you go it still occurs. Recently in mid 2013 some political corruption was brought to light in New York. â€Å"Since 2007, state senators have been more likely to be arrested then to lose their seats in a general election,† (New York Public Interest Research group). In April of 2013 New York State Assemblyman Eric Stevenson was charged with corruption. Stevenson had been discovered to have taken more then twenty- thousand dollars in bribes in exchange for official acts. These bribes were mainly from four business men trying to use legislature to create a monopoly on their adult day care business. Stevenson had agreed to try to pass a bill that would prevent other centers like theirs from opening in New York. Earlier in that week a New York Senator was arrested and charged for trying to buy his way into the mayoral election. Also around that time five other New York politicians were arrested for accepting more then one hundred thousand dollars in bribes. While that was very recent, political corruption has been around since 1795 and before. One famous case of political corruption, and one of the worst to ever happen in Georgia, happened in 1795, it was called the Yazoo Land Fraud. At that time Georgia's boundary went all the way to the Mississippi River, many of the state's political lead... ... Lyell, Nick. â€Å"U.S. Corporations, Politics Getting More Corrupt, Surprising Nobody.† Nation of Change. N.p., 12 July. 2012. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. Milo, Federica. â€Å"Italy: the state of corruption.† Risk Advisory. The Risk Advisory Group, 5 Mar, 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. â€Å"North Korea.† Heritage. The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2015. â€Å"The 10 Most Corrupt and Least Corrupt Countries in the World.† Reuters. U.S. Reuters. 3 Dec. 2013. Web. 19 Nov. 2015. The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. â€Å"Corruption.† Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc, 4/30/2013. Web. 16 Nov. 2015. Transparency International. Transparency International,2013.Web. 20 Nov. 2015. â€Å"Watergate Scandal.† U-S-History. N.p. n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2015. â€Å"Yazoo Land Fraud.† Georgia Info. Digital Library of Georgia. n.d. Web. 19 Nov. 2015.

Auto Biography

was born and brought up in Houston, Texas. Ours is a family of four with my parents, me and my younger brother. The schooling years of my life were toughest. I struggled a lot in my studies. The standardized procedure of education never interested me. I was an average student throughout my academic life. Extra-curricular activities like sports, drawing, crafts, etc. were my favorite things. I just remember that it was the second semester of 8th grade when I stood first in class.However, it didn't serve any purpose in motivating me to take up studies seriously. I enjoyed understanding the concepts more than just memorizing ready-made notes. After completion of my schooling and college in the science stream, I chose to become a painter. It was a weird decision taken by me at that time. Today, however, I don't regret it at all. My career in painting began a smoothly and I was more than happy to grab the right opportunity for which I was waiting so long.Today, I am happy with my life and enjoy it to the fullest. The positive attitude to face hardships brought out the best in me. Today I am looking forward to face the challenges of life in a positive manner. The content presented in the example above gives only a rough idea of how an autobiography should start; one can use a similar write up as an example of autobiography for college projects. Writing an autobiography is a huge effort and requires patience to put the facts and experiences in a proper manner.Autobiographies are detailed accounts of a person's life and should be written with care and responsibility. The autobiography sample provided in the article above provides an idea about how to write about yourself in an interesting manner. Autobiographies are detailed accounts of our lives which help in remembering the happy and sad moments as well. One can draw inspiration from the tough times of the past and move on in life with a positive attitude. Read more at Buzzle: http://www. buzzle. com/articles/autobio graphy-sample. html

Fusion Definition (Physics and Chemistry)

The term fusion refers to key concepts in science, but the definition depends on whether that science is physics, chemistry, or biology. In its most general sense, fusion refers to synthesis or to the joining of two parts. Here are the different meanings of fusion in science: Key Takeaways: Fusion Definition in Science Fusion has several meaning in science. In general, they all refer to the joining of two parts to form a new product.The most common definition, used in physical science, refers to nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion is the combination of two or more atomic nuclei to form one or more different nuclei. In other words, it is a form of transmutation that changes one element into another.In nuclear fusion, the mass of the product nucleus or nuclei is lower than the combined mass of the original nuclei. This is due to the effect of binding energy within the nuclei. Energy is required to force the nuclei together and energy is released when new nuclei form.Nuclear fusion may be either an endothermic or exothermic process, depending on the mass of the initial elements. Fusion Definitions in Physics and Chemistry Fusion means combining lighter atomic nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. Energy is absorbed or released by the process and the resulting nucleus is lighter than the combined masses of the two original nuclei added together. This type of fusion may be termed nuclear fusion. The reverse reaction, in which a heavy nucleus splits into lighter nuclei, is called nuclear fission.Fusion may refer to the phase transition from a solid to a light via melting. The reason the process is called fusion is because the heat of fusion is the energy required for a solid to become a liquid at that substances melting point.Fusion is name of a welding process used to join two thermoplastic pieces together. This process may also be called heat fusion. Fusion Definition in Biology and Medicine Fusion is the process by which uninuclear cells combine to form a multinuclear cell. This process is also known as cell fusion.Gene fusion is the formation of a hybrid gene from two separate genes. The event may occur as the result of a chromosomal inversion, translocation, or interstitial deletion.Tooth fusion is an abnormality characterized by the joining of two teeth.Spinal fusion is a surgical technique that combines two or more vertebrate. The procedure is also known as spondylodesis  or  spondylosyndesis. The most common reason for the procedure is to relieve pain and pressure on the spinal cord.Binaural fusion is the cognitive process through which auditory information from both ears is combined.Binocular fusion is the cognitive process through which visual information is combined from both eyes. Which Definition to Use Because fusion can refer to so many processes, its a good idea to use the most specific term for a purpose. For example, when discussing the combination of atomic nuclei, its better to refer to nuclear fusion rather than simply fusion. Otherwise, its usually obvious which definition applies when used in the context of a discipline. Nuclear Fusion More often than not, the term refers to nuclear fusion, which is the nuclear reaction between two or more atomic nuclei to form one or more different atomic nuclei. The reason the mass of the products is different from the mass of the reactants is due to the binding energy between atomic nuclei. If the fusion process results in a nucleus lighter in mass than the isotopes iron-56 or nickel-62, the net result will be an energy release. In other words, this type of fusion is exothermic. This is because the lighter elements have the largest binding energy per nucleon and the smallest mass per nucleon. On the other hand, fusion of heavier elements is endothermic. This may surprise readers who automatically assume nuclear fusion releases a lot of energy. With heavier nuclei, nuclear fission is exothermic. The significance of this is that heavier nuclei are much more fissionable than fusible, while lighter nuclei are more fusible than fissionable. Heavy, unstable nuclei are susceptible to spontaneous fission. Stars fuse lighter nuclei into heavier nuclei, but it takes incredible energy (as from a supernova) to fuse nuclei into elements heavier than iron!